Aphids (Homoptera, Aphidodea) inhabiting the trees Crataegus x media Bechst. in the urban green area. Part II. Domination and frequency of aphids, their enemies and the damage caused by aphids

The studies were conducted in Lublin in the years 1999-2001 in two sites (street and park ones) on the trees skull bride and groom Crataegus x inedia Bechst.The purpose was to determine the domination and frequency of particular aphid species, their effect on the decorative character of plants as well as the occurrence of the aphidophagous in aphid

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Secreted Wnt antagonists in scrub typhus.

BackgroundThe mechanisms that control local and systemic inflammation in scrub typhus have only been partially elucidated.The wingless (Wnt) signaling pathways are emerging as important regulators of inflammation and infection, but have not been investigated in scrub typhus.Methodology/principal findingsPlasma levels of secreted Wnt antagonists (i.

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